Semeru's geographical position lies between 8 ° 06 'LS and 112 ° 55' BT.
In 1913 and 1946 Jonggring Saloka crater has a dome with an altitude of 3744.8 m until the end of November 1973. To the south, the dome is breaking down the crater rim causing lava flows leading to the south side include Pronojiwo and Candipuro areas in Lumajang.
Travel
It takes about four days to climb Mount Semeru's peak to and fro. To climb the mountain can be reached through the city of Malang or Lumajang. From the terminal of Malang City take public transportation to Tumpang village. Reconnected with a jeep or pickup truck / lot which is located behind the terminal market Tumpang with cost per person Rp60.000,00 - Rp100.000,0 to Pos Ranu Pani. Previously stopped at Gubugklakah to get a permit, with details, license fee Rp6.000,00 for maximum 10 persons, park entrance fee Rp2.000,00 per person, Insurance per person Rp2.000,00 (estimated cost including transportation jeep or vegetable truck)
By using a vegetable truck or jeep journey starts from Tumpang to Ranu Pani, the last village at the foot semeru. Here there are checkpoints, there are also stalls and lodges. Every person who wants to climb is charged Rp17,500 per person per day for a regular curry, and Rp22,500 per person per day for a day off. In this post can also find a porter (local people to help show the direction of climbing, lifting goods and cooking). Climbers can also spend the night at the guard post. In Pos Ranu Pani there are also two lakes namely Ranu Pani (1 ha) and Ranu Regulo (0.75 ha). Located at an altitude of 2200 mdpl. After arriving at the "welcome" gate, pay attention to the left to the hill, but do not follow the wide streets towards the people's garden. In addition to the usual path through the climbers, there is also a shortcut commonly used by local climbers, this path is very steep.
The starting point of the ramps, down the hillside is dominated by reed plants. There is no road signpost, but there is a mark of distance at every 100 m. There are many fallen trees, and branches on the head.
After walking about 5 km down the hillside overgrown with edelweiss flowers, then will arrive at Watu Rejeng. Here there is a very beautiful steep rock. The scenery is very beautiful towards the valleys and hills, which are covered with pine and pine forests. Sometimes can watch the smoke from the top of semeru. To reach Ranu Kumbolo still have to travel about 4.5 km.
In Ranu Kumbolo can be erected tents. There is also a shelter. There is a lake with clean water and has a beautiful view, especially in the morning to watch the sun rise on the sidelines of the hill. There are many fish, sometimes wild grouse. Ranu Kumbolo is at an altitude of 2400 m with an area of 14 ha. From Ranu Kumbolo should prepare as much water as possible. Leaving Ranu Kumbolo then climb the steep hill, with a very beautiful view behind the lake. In front of the hill lay a vast grassland called oro-oro ombo. Oro-oro ombo surrounded by hills and mountains with very beautiful scenery, vast meadows with pine-grown slopes like in Europe. From behind Gn. Kepolo looks top Gn. Semeru spouting smoke wedus trash.
Next enter the pine forest where sometimes found birds and antelope. This area is called Cemoro Kandang.
Kalimati Post is at an altitude of 2700 m, here can set up tents to rest. This post is a vast grassland on the edge of a pine forest, so there are plenty of twigs to make a bonfire.
There is Sumber Mani spring to the west (right) tracing the outskirts of Kalimati forest by traveling 1 hour round trip. In Kalimati and in Arcopodo there are many mountain rats.
To get to Arcopodo turn left (East) walk about 500 meters, then turn right (South) a little down the Kalimati meadows. Arcopodo is 1 hour from Kalimati through a very steep pine forest, with landslides and dusty landscapes. Can also camp in Arcopodo, but the soil conditions are less stable and often landslides. We recommend using glasses and cover the nose because a lot of ash flying. Arcopodo is at an altitude of 2.900m, Arcopodo is the last vegetation area in Mount Semeru, the rest will pass through the sand dunes.
From Arcopodo to the summit of Semeru takes 3-4 hours, passing a very steep sand dune and easily degenerate. As a travel guide, in this path there are also some small red triangle flags. All luggage should stay in Arcopodo or in Kalimati. Climbing to the top is done very early in the morning at around 00:00 from Kalimati.
At noon the wind caved north toward the summit carrying poison gas from Jonggring Saloka Crater.
The climb should be done in the dry season is June, July, August, and September. Should not climb in the rainy season because of frequent storms and landslides.
Poison gas
At the peak of Mount Semeru (Puncak Mahameru) climbers are advised not to go to Jonggring Saloko crater, also forbidden to climb from the south side, due to toxic gas and lava flows. This poisonous gas is known as the Wedhus Gembel (Javanese language meaning "goat dreadlocks", ie goats that are hairy like dreadlocks) by locals. Mahameru peak temperatures range from 4 to 10 degrees Celsius, at the peak of the dry season minus 0 degrees Celsius, and found ice crystals. The weather is often misty especially during the day, afternoon and evening. The wind is blowing hard, in December - January there is often a storm. Wedus Gembel eruption occurs every 15-30 minutes at the peak of Mount Semeru is still active. In November 1997 Mount Semeru erupted as much as 2990 times. During the day the wind direction to the summit, therefore avoid daylight coming at the peak, because the poison gas and eruptions lead to the peak.
Eruption of white smoke, gray to black with a 300-800 meters high eruption. The material that comes out in every eruption is ash, sand, gravel, even hot stones that are very dangerous when the climber is too close. In early 1994 a hot lava flowed down the southern slopes of Mount Semeru and had taken some lives, although the hot river view winding down to the sea was a fascinating spectacle.
Soe Hok Gie, an Indonesian activist and student of the Faculty of Letters, University of Indonesia, died at Mount Semeru in 1969 due to inhaling toxic fumes on Mount Semeru. He died with his partner, Idhan Dhanvantari Lubis.
Climate
In general the climate in the Semeru mountain region includes climate type B (Schmidt and Ferguson) with rainfall of 927 mm - 5.498 mm per year with rain days 136 days / year and rainy season fall in November - April. The temperature of Semeru peak air ranges from 0 - 4 degrees celsius.
The average temperature ranges from 3 ° c - 8 ° c at night and early morning, while during the day ranges from 15 ° c - 21 ° c. Sometimes in some areas there is a small snowfall that occurs during the rainy season changes to the dry season or vice versa. The cold temperatures along this route are not solely due to the still air but supported by the speed of the wind that blows into this area causing the cold air.
National Parks
This mountain is included in the area of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. This National Park consists of mountains and valleys covering an area of 50,273.3 Hectares. There are several mountains in the Gn.Tengger Caldera among others; Gn.Bromo (2.392m) Gn. Batok (2.470m) Gn.Kursi (2,581m) Gn.Welcome (2.662m) Gn.Widodaren (2.650m). There are four lakes (Ranu): Ranu Pani, Ranu Regulo, Ranu Kumbolo and Ranu Darungan.
Flora located in the region of Mount Semeru diverse but many species dominated by pine trees, acacia, pine, and Jamuju type. As for the lower vegetation is dominated by Kirinyuh, Imperata, Skeleton, Harendong and Edelwiss white, Edelwiss are mostly found on the slopes to the summit of Semeru. And also found several species of endemic orchids that live around South Semeru.
Many of the fauna that inhabit Mount Semeru include: panther beetle, budeng, mongoose, deer, mouse deer, etc. While in Ranu Kumbolo there are wild belibis still alive.
The first climber
The first person to climb this mountain is Clignet and Winny Brigita (1838) a Dutch geologist from the southwest through Widodaren, then Junhuhn (1945) a Dutch botanist from the north through the mountain Ayek-ayek, Inder-Inder and mountain mountains Kepolo. In 1911 Van Gogh and Heim passed the northern slope and after 1945 generally climbing is done through the northern slopes through Ranupane and Ranu Kumbolo as it is today.
The legend of Mount Semeru
According to Javanese beliefs written on the ancient Tantu Pagelaran script dating from the fifteenth century, in ancient times the island of Java floated in the vast ocean, oscillated and always shaking. The gods decided to nail Java Island by moving Mount Meru in India to the top of Java Island.
Lord Vishnu transformed into a giant tortoise carrying the mountain on his back, while God Brahma transformed into a long snake that wrapped itself around the mountain and turtle body so that the mountain could be safely transported.
The gods placed the mountain above the first part of the island they encountered, namely in the western part of Java Island. But the weight of the mountain caused the tip of the eastern island to rise up. Then they move it to the eastern part of Java island. When Mount Meru was brought to the east, splintered Meru volcanoes created a mountain range on the island of Java that extends from west to east. But when Meru's peak was moved to the east, the island of Java was still tilted, so the gods decided to cut off some of the mountain and place it in the northwest. This fragment forms the Pawitra Mountain, now known as Mount Pananggungan, and the main part of Mount Meru, the residing place of Lord Shiva, now known as Mount Semeru. At the time Sang Hyang Shiva came to the island of Java he saw a lot of millet trees, so the island is called Java.
The geographic environment of Java and Bali is indeed compatible with Hindu symbols. In the Hindu religion there is a belief about Mount Meru, Mount Meru is considered as a house where the gods reside and as a means of connecting between the earth (human) and Kayangan. Many Javanese and Balinese people still regard the mountain as the residence of the Gods, Hyang, and spirits.
According to the people of Mount Mahameru Bali is believed to be the Father of Mount Agung in Bali and respected by the people of Bali. The offering ceremony to the gods of Mount Mahameru was done by the Balinese. However, the ceremony is only performed every 8-12 years only when people receive the occult voice of the god Mahameru Mountain. In addition to the offerings ceremony that the Balinese often come to the area of Cave Widodaren to get Tirta holy.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar